BASIC CONCEPT
OF
QUANTITY SURVEYING (Q.S.)1. UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS
SL.NO
|
ITEMS
|
UNIT
FOR LABOUR WORK
|
UNIT
FOR COMPLETED ITEM (MATERIAL+LABOUR)
|
01
|
Excavation
|
cum / cft
|
cum / cft
|
02
|
Back filling / soling
|
cum / cft
|
cum / cft
|
03
|
Footing (Concreting)
|
No.
|
cum / cft
|
04
|
P.C.C
|
sqm / sft
|
cum / cft
|
05
|
Column / Beam / Lintel Concreting
|
rm / rft
|
cum / cft
|
06
|
Slab concreting
|
sqm / sft
|
cum / cft
|
07
|
Pardi / Chajja / Loft Concreting
|
sqm / sft
|
cum / cft
|
08
|
Staircase Concreting
|
No. (per step)
|
cum / cft
|
09
|
Brick masonry 10cm to 15cm thick
|
sqm / sft
|
sqm / sft
|
10
|
Brick masonry 23cm thick
|
sqm / sft
|
cum / cft
|
11
|
Brick masonry 35cm thick
|
cum / cft
|
cum / cft
|
12
|
U.C.R. masonry
|
cum / cft
|
cum / cft
|
13
|
Plastering / Pointing
|
sqm / sft
|
sqm / sft
|
14
|
Flooring / Tiling
|
sqm / sft
|
sqm / sft
|
15
|
Skirting / Steps
|
rm / rft
|
rm / rft
|
16
|
Sill Patti
|
rm / rft
|
rm / rft
|
17
|
Kitchen otta
|
No. or rm / rft
|
rm / rft
|
18
|
Painting
|
sqm / sft
|
sqm / sft
|
19
|
Doors / Windows
|
No. or sqm / sft
|
sqm / sft
|
20
|
Plumbing pipes
|
rm / rft
|
rm / rft
|
21
|
Plumbing fitting / sanitary ware
|
No.
|
No.
|
22
|
Water tanks
|
ltr.
|
ltr.
|
23
|
Septic tanks
|
ltr.
|
No. of users
|
24
|
Road work (asphalting)
|
sqm / sft
|
sqm / sft
|
25
|
Electrical cabling / Wiring
|
rm / rft
|
rm / rft
|
26
|
Electrical points
|
No.
|
No.
|
27
|
Water-proofing to terrace
|
sqm / sft
|
sqm / sft
|
28
|
Water-proofing of W.C
|
No.
|
sqm / sft
|
29
|
Gardening (lawn)
|
sqm / sft
|
sqm / sft
|
30
|
Gardening (trees / bushes)
|
No.
|
No.
|
2. CONVERSION TABLE
SR.NO
|
UNIT
|
EQUIVALENT UNITS
|
01
|
1 meter
|
100 centimeter
|
02
|
1 meter
|
3.28 feet
|
04
|
1 centimeter
|
0.393 inch
|
05
|
1 foot
|
0.305 meter
|
07
|
1 inch
|
2.54 centimeter/ 25.4 mm
|
08
|
1 tone
|
1000 kg
|
09
|
1 kg
|
1000 grams
|
10
|
1 kg
|
0.001 tone
|
11
|
1 gram
|
0.001 kg
|
13
|
1 sq meter
|
10.76 sq feet
|
14
|
1 brass
|
100 sq feet
|
15
|
1 brass
|
9.29 sq meter
|
16
|
1 cu meter
|
35.28 cu feet
|
17
|
1 cu meter
|
1000 liters
|
18
|
1 cu feet
|
28.315 liters
|
19
|
1 brass
|
100 cu feet
|
20
|
1 cu feet
|
0.0283 cu meter
|
21
|
1 liter
|
0.001 cu meter
|
22
|
1 liter
|
0.0353 cu feet
|
23
|
1 cu feet
|
0.01 brass
|
24
|
1 cu meter
|
0.35 brass
|
3. WEIGHTS OF BUILDING MATERIAL
SR.NO
|
MATERIAL
|
THEORETICAL WEIGHT IN Kg/cum
|
01
|
Cement
|
1440
|
02
|
Steel
|
7850
|
03
|
Dry sand
|
1600
|
04
|
River sand
|
1840
|
05
|
Stone
|
2850 to 2960
|
06
|
Water
|
1000
|
07
|
P.C.C
|
2240
|
08
|
R.C.C. (2% steel)
|
2420
|
09
|
Bricks
|
1600 to 1920
|
10
|
Brick masonry
|
1920
|
11
|
Soil
|
1760
|
12
|
Cement concrete block (solid)
|
1800
|
13
|
Cement mortar
|
2080
|
14
|
Lime mortar
|
1760
|
15
|
Lime
|
640
|
16
|
Glass
|
2530
|
17
|
Teak wood
|
670 to 830
|
18
|
Sal wood
|
990
|
19
|
Marble stone
|
2620
|
20
|
Granite stone
|
2460 to2800
|
21
|
Cuddappa
|
2720
|
22
|
Bitumen
|
1040
|
RATE
ANALYSIS
1. P.C.C. FOOTING (1:3:6)
Consider 10 cum volume.
Volume of dry concrete = 15.2 cum. (Adding 50 to 52% for compaction, wastages etc)
Proportion (1:3:6) = 1+3+6 = 10
Volume of cement = 15.2/10 = 1.52 cum.
= 1.52/0.035 = 43.4 bags ~ 44 bags.
Volume of sand = 1.52 X 3 = 4.56 cum.
Volume of metal = 1.52 X 6 = 9.12 cum.
MATERIAL
|
QTY
|
RATE
|
PER
|
AMOUNT
|
CEMENT
|
44
|
265 Rs.
|
Bag
|
11660.00
|
SAND
|
4.56
|
1270 Rs.
|
Cum
|
5791.20
|
METAL
|
9.12
|
900 Rs.
|
Cum
|
8208.00
|
LABOURS
|
NO.
|
RATE
|
PER
|
AMOUNT
|
HEAD MASON
|
02
|
400 Rs.
|
Day
|
800.00
|
MASON
|
04
|
250 Rs.
|
Day
|
1000.00
|
MALE COOLIE
|
16
|
200 Rs.
|
Day
|
3200.00
|
FEMALE COOLIE
|
07
|
150Rs.
|
Day
|
1050.00
|
TOTAL = 31709.2
TOOLS & PLANTS L.S. 1% = 317.092
TOTAL=31709.2+317.092 = 32026.292
WATER & ELECTRIC CHARGES 2% = 640.52
TOTAL=32026.292+640.52 = 32666.818
CONTRACTORS PROFIT 25% = 8166 .705
GRANT TOTAL= 3266.818+8166.705 = 40833.505
RATE FOR 10 CU.M = 40833.505 Rs.
RATE FOR PER CU.M = 4083.350 Rs.
2. BRICK WORK
Considering 1:4 ratios for cement mortar in 150mm thick brickwork.
Calculation of quantity for 5 cu.m volume in brickwork as follows:
Size of brick = 19 cm x9 cm x9 cm.
Vol. of brick = (0.19 x 0.09 x 0.09) cu.m
= 0.00154cu.m.
Vol. of brick with cement mortar
= (0.2 x 0.1 x 0.1) cu.m
= 0.002 cu.m.
No. of bricks in 5 cu.m
= 5 ¸ (vol. of one brick with mortar).
= 5 ¸ 0.002
= 2500
Vol. of 2500 bricks = 2500 x vol. of one brick without mortar.
=2500 x 0.00154
= 3.85cu.m.
Vol. of mortar = 5 – 3.85 = 1.15 cu.m.
Add 15% (Bulkage + wastage)
\ Vol. of wet mortar = 1.15 + {1.15 x (15 ¸ 100)}
= 1.323cu.m
Vol. of dry mortar = 1.323 + 33% in wet mortars for interlocking =1.759cu.m
Vol. of cement = 1.759 ¸ (1+4) =0.352cu.m
\ No. of cement bags = 0.352 ¸ 0.035
=10.057bags.
» 10.00bags
Vol. of sand = 0.352 x 4
= 1.408cu.m.
ITEM DESCRIPTION
|
QUANTITY
|
RATE RS.
|
AMOUNT RS.
|
a. Material
Cement
Sand
Bricks
|
10 bags
1.408 cu.m
2500 Nos.
|
250/bag
1270/cu.m
4/no.
|
2500.00
1788.16
10000.00
|
Mason
Head Mason
Male coolie
|
4
1
10
|
250/day
400/day
200/day
|
1000.00
400.00
2000.00
|
Total
|
17688.16
| ||
c. Tools & Plants
|
1%
|
0f total
|
176.88
|
Total
|
17865.04
| ||
d. Water charges
|
2%
|
Of total
|
357.30
|
Total
|
18222.34
| ||
e. Supervisor, Overhead & Profit
|
25%
|
Of the total
|
4555.58
|
Total
|
22777.92
|
RATE FOR 5 CU.M = 22777.92 Rs.
RATE FOR PER CU.M = 4555.58 Rs.
3. R.C.C. COLUMN
Consider 10 cum volume.
Grade of concrete M – 40
Proportion (1: 1.808: 1.616) 1+1.808+1.616= 4.424 {as per mix design}
Volume of dry concrete = 15.2 cum. (52% for compaction & wastages)
Volume of Cement = 15.2/4.424 = 3.435 cum.
Cement bags = 3.435/0.035 = 98.12 ~ 99 Bags.
Sand = 3.435 X 1.808 = 6.21 cum.
Metal = 3.435 X 1.616= 5.55 cum.
MATERIAL
|
QTY
|
RATE
|
PER
|
AMOUNT
|
CEMENT
|
99
|
265 Rs.
|
Bag
|
26235.00
|
SAND
|
6.21
|
1270 Rs.
|
Cum
|
7886.70
|
METAL
|
5.55
|
900 Rs.
|
Cum
|
4995.00
|
LABOURS
|
NO.
|
RATE
|
PER
|
AMOUNT
|
HEAD MASON
|
1
|
400 Rs.
|
Day
|
400.00
|
MASON
|
3
|
250 Rs.
|
Day
|
750.00
|
MALE COOLIE
|
16
|
200 Rs.
|
Day
|
3200.00
|
BHISTI
|
7
|
150 Rs.
|
Day
|
1050.00
|
CARPENTER
|
4
|
200 Rs.
|
Day
|
800.00
|
HELPER
|
8
|
125 Rs.
|
Day
|
1000.00
|
TOTAL = 46316.7
Tools & Plants charges 1% = 463.167
TOTAL=46316.7+463.167 = 46779.86
Water charges 2% = 935.59
TOTAL=46779.86+935.59 = 47715.45
Contractors profit 25% = 11928.8
TOTAL = 47715.45+11928.8 = 59644.31
RATE FOR 10 CUM = RS. 59644.31/-
RATE FOR PER CU.M = RS. 5964.43/-
4. INTERNAL PLASTER
12mm thick internal plaster
Considering 100sqm area
Proportion of C:M = 1:4
Summation of proportion =5
Quantity of one cement bag = 0.035cum
Quantity of wet mortar = 0.012 x 100 = 1.2cum
Adding 15% wastage = 1.2 + (1.2 x 0.15) =1.38cum
Volume of dry mix = 1.38 + (1.38 x 1/3) =1.84cum
Volume of cement = (dry volume / 5) x 1
= (1.84 /5) x 1
= 0.368cum
= 0.368 / 0.035
=10.5 bags
Volume of sand = (dry volume / 5) x 4
= (1.84 /5) x 4
= 1.472 cum
MATERIALS
|
QUANTITY
|
RATE (RS)
|
AMOUNT (RS)
|
Sand
|
1.472cum
|
1300 /cum
|
1913
|
Cement
|
10.5bags
|
250 / bag
|
2625
|
Scaffolding
|
L.S
|
550
|
550
|
LABOURS
|
QUANTITY
|
RATE (RS)
|
AMOUNT (RS)
|
Mason
|
8nos
|
200
|
1600
|
Helper
|
12nos
|
90
|
1080
|
Total
|
7768
|
Tools & Plants
|
1%
|
0f total
|
77.68
|
Total
|
7845.68
| ||
Water charges
|
2%
|
Of total
|
156.91
|
Total
|
8002.59
| ||
Supervisor, Overhead & Profit
|
25%
|
Of the total
|
2000.65
|
Total
|
10003.23
|
RATE FOR 100m² = 10003.23Rs.
RATE FOR 1m² = 100.03Rs.
5. EXTERNAL PLASTER
20mm thick external plaster
Considering 100sqm area.
Proportion for mix C:M = 1:4.
Summation of proportion = 5.
Quantity of one cement bag = 0.035cum.
Quantity of wet mortar = 0.02 x 100 = 2cum.
Adding 20% wastage = 2 +( 2 x 0.2 ) = 2.4cum.
Volume of dry mix = 2.4 + (2.4 x 1/3) = 3.2cum.
Volume of cement = (dry volume / 5) x 1
= (3.2 /5) x 1
= 0.64cum
= 0.64 / 0.035
= 18.3 bags
= 19 bags
Volume of sand = (dry mix / 5) x 4
= (3.2 /5) x 4
= 2.56cum.
PARTICULAR
|
QUANTITY
|
RATE(RS)
|
AMOUNT(RS)
|
Materials
| |||
Sand
|
2.56cum
|
1300
|
3328
|
Cement
|
19bags
|
250
|
4750
|
Scaffolding
|
L.S.
|
550
|
550
|
Labors
| |||
Mason
|
8nos
|
200
|
1600
|
Helper
|
12nos
|
90
|
1080
|
Total
|
11708.5
|
Tools & Plants
|
1%
|
0f total
|
117.08
|
Total
|
11825.60
| ||
Water charges
|
2%
|
Of total
|
236.512
|
Total
|
12062.112
| ||
Supervisor, Overhead & Profit
|
25%
|
Of the total
|
3015.53
|
Grand Total
|
15077.64
|
RATE FOR 100m² = 15077.64Rs.
RATE FOR 1m² =150.77Rs.
USEFULL DATA FOR ESTIMATION
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